Electric vehicle driving and controlling apparatus

ABSTRACT

An electric vehicle driving and controlling apparatus, wherein during the low-speed operation, single-phase AC power is supplied to a synchronous motor type rotary machine through a thyristor group to thereby control the rotation of said rotary machine, and during the ultra-high-speed operation, three-phase AC power available at the armature terminals of said rotary machine is also applied to a linear motor to thereby accelerate the latter.

721 Inventors Ymhimlml 000115;

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS [1966 Smith et 5/1967 Humphrey....................

11mm Kiuu, lhtsuta-shi, Japan 774,052

3,233,559 2 l04/ l48( LM)( UX) 3,320,506 31 8/227X Primary Examiner-Arthur L. La Point Assistant Examiner [21] AppLN'o.

[22] Filed Nov. 7, 1968 [45] Patented Mny11,1971

[73] Assignee TokyoJapu [32] Priority Nov.10,1967

George H. Libman Attorney-Craig & Antonelli [54] ELECTRIC VEHICLE CONTROLLING APPARA 8 Chill, 33 Driving it. [52] [1.8.

group to there and during high-speed the armature operation, truce-phase AC power available at 318/227; terminals of said .135, 137,35

[5 l] Int. Cl.

rotary machine is also applied to a linear accelerate the latter.

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Patented May 11, 1971 7 Shuts-Shoot 5 a HH W HHH M w w- H PM 1 in w. TH. .H H a a M a M M m INVENTORS M00780 MOM ATTORNEYS Patented May 11, I971 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 in VEH/CLE fiFD FIG. 5

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INVENTORJ law/mu 0M Aamarsu k/MK/ BY p Eda-44w ATTORNEYS trolley wire and trol BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION l. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an electric vehicle driving and controlling apparatus, more particularly it pertaim to such apparatus for ultra-high speed which uses an adhesion type drive system and a nonadhesion-type drive system in combination.

2. Description of the Prior Art Generally, in an electric vehicle driving apparatus. use is made of a system in which drive wheels are rotated by means of a rotary machine such as a DC motor, induction motor, a commutator motor or the like. Such system is called adhesion type drive system since adhesion occurring between the drive wheels and rails is utilized. With this system, however, it is considered that the highest possible speed is about 250 km./h. The reason is that when the vehicle speed exceeds 250 km.lh.. the travelling resistance (mainly, air resistance) is rapidly increased so that the coefl'icient of adhesion between the drive wheels and the rails is reduced in spite of rapid increase of power required for acceleration, thus making the acceleration impossible.

In an attempt to realize a system capable ofacceleration up to ultra-high speed, therefore. there has been proposed a systeminwhichuseismadeofalinearmotorinsteadofarotary machine. This system is referred to as nonadhesion drive system wherein a torque is produced directly by magnetic flux occurring between the transportation rails or separately provided drive rails and the linear motor. In such system, the power-factor and etficiency of the-linear motor at a low speed are low, and a multiphase AC power source is required to generate a shifting magnetic field.

In actuality. however, power which can be supplied to an electric car is limited to either single-phase AC power or DC power. Bus is natural on the basis of the fact that a single power transmission line is used in order to reduce the expenses for ground installation and simplify the current collector. Therefore, it is essential that a single-phase AC power to multiphae AC power converter with a considerably high capacity he provided on the vehicle. Furthermore, in view of the techniques involved and the cost of the installation, such system is considered to be difficult to be put to practical use, even if the power-factor and efficiency of the linear motor at low speed are not considered.

SUMMARY OF THE INVEN'IION It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a driving apparatus capable of stably driving an electric vehicle from a low speed to a ultra-high speed.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a driving apparatus wherein during the low-speed operation. use is made of an adhesion type system constituted by a rotary machine which is advantageously efficient and during the high-speed operation. either said adhesion type system is used in combination with a nonadhesion-type drive system constituted by a linear motor. or only the latter system is used, thereby effectively achieving acceleration.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a driving apparatus wherein single-phase AC power or DC powerissuppliedtoanelectricvehiclebytheuseofasingle currentcollectonandyetthereisnoneedto provide any single-phase AC power (DC power) to a mult'mhse AC power converter for supplying multiphase AC power to the linear motor during the high-speed operation.

Afurtherobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovideaconapparatus wherein during the ultra-high-speed operation. a leading current is caused to flow through a rotary nnchine to thereby compensate for lagging current produced by a linear motor.

Other objects. features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a diagram showing the electric vehicle driving and controlling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 2a-2h are views useful for explaining the starting and very low speed operations;

FIGS. Sit-3k are views useful for explaining the operation as the speed of revolution is lower than the synchronous speed;

FIGS. 40-41: are views useful for explaining the operation as the speed of revolution is higher than the synchronous speed; and

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example of a thyristor group.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to HG. I, there is provided a main transformer Tr having a primary winding W, and secondary windings W, and W',, the primary winding W, being connected through a pantagraph P with a trolly wire TL to which a single-phase AC power is applied. Drive wheels TW are driven and controlled by means of a synchronous motor type rotary machine SM comprising a stator S, rotor R and distributor DB. The stator S has armature windings SW,, SW, and SW, wound thereon which are connected with each other in the form of threephase Y-connection the neutral point of which is connected with the center tap of the main transformer Tr through a neutral line L,. A smoothing reactor DCL is inserted in the neutral line L,. Input terminals U, V and \V of the stator winding SW,, SW, and SW, are connected with output lines L, and L, of the main transfonner Tr through a thyristor group or controlled switching circuit TG. That is, the stator winding SW, is coupled to the output lines L, and L, through thyristors S, and S,. the stator winding SW, to the output lines L, and L, through thyristors S, and 8,, and stator winding SW, to the output lines L, and L, through thyristors S, and 5.. A linear motor LM comprises a mapietic core lC provided with six legs C, to C and three-phase windings LM, to LM. wound on said legs C, to C, respectively. These three-phase windings are connected with each other in the form of Y-connection and coupled to the input terminals U, V and W of the stator S through switches CS. When supplied with three-phase AC power, the linear motor LM is enabled to produce a torque between itself and a rail RL so a to serve as nonadhesion system.

The rotor R is shown a a permanent magnet, but in practice it is provided with a field winding as is the case with a revolving-field type synchronous machine, and energized by a DC power source through a slip ring. In the foregoing description, a revolving-field type synchronous machine having the stator with annature windings is used. But it will be quite apparent that a revolving-armature type synchronous machine can also be employed.

The distributor DB includes a rotary segment RS connected directly with the rotor R for rotation with the latter, and approach (detecting) switches MA,, MA, and MA, arranged in predetermined spaced relationship with each other. The distributor is adapted to produce a signal corresponding to a rela tive position of the rotor with respect to the stator, and therefore besides the illustrated one, various types-such as one wherein use is made of voltages produced in the stator windinp SW,, SW, and SW,, one wherein the rotor position is photoelectrically detected, and so forth are well known in the in.

The approach switch MA, is turnedon when it is opposed to therotarysegrnentRS othatasigialissuppliedtoagate control device GC which provides an output at a terminal 0, whenthepolarityoftheDCpowersourceisushowninthe drawing and at a terminal 0, when it is reversed. Such a gate control device is essentially the same as a grid control device employed in a thyratron motor which is well known in the art and any type may be used.

For example, a gate control device may take the form sinrilar to the mechanical switching element disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,229.l79. Of course. the power source of the motor in this patent is-a DC power source, and, therefore, the gate signal of the thyristor corresponds to the relative positions of the stator and the rotor. In the present invention, however. since the power source employed in an AC power source, a gate signal must by synchronized with a source voltage as is well known to those skilled in the art.

Another example of a circuit arrangement which may be employed to generate a gate control signal is disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,320,506.

The examples of gate control circuits disclosed in the above-mentioned patents are merely illustrative of the types of gate control circuits which may be employed as such circuits arewell knowntothoseofskillintheartandadetailed description thereof is unnecessary. Thus, ignition pulses P, and P, are imparted to the thyristors S, and S, respectively. Similarly, the thyristors S, to S, are controlled by the approach switches MA, and MA,

In the above example, when the rotor R is stopped at the illustrated position, the approach switch MA, is operated by the rotarysegmentRSofthedstributorDBsoastopror/idean output so that an input signal is supplied to the gate control device GC. Assume that such an AC voltage as shown in FIG. 2a is produced at the secondary side of the main transfomter Tr, then, in the secondary winding: w, and W, there are developed voltages ofwhich the polarities are as shown in the drawing during the voltage period from to 1r.

Thus, the gate control device GC provides ignition pulse P, at an output terminal 0,, whereby the thyristor S, is rendered conductive. Consequently, a current flows through a network W, S| SW DCL-W; to energize the stator winding SW Upon reversal of the power source polarity, the thyristor S, is automatically rendered nonconductive at a point of time a, after the commutation period, and at this time the gate control device GC provides the ignition pulse P, at an output terminal 6,, whereby the thyristor S, is rendered conductive. Consequently, a current flows in such a path as W, S, SW DCL W, to energize the stator winding SW, in the same direction as here above. Such condition will be maintained as long as the approach switch MA, is in the operating state (see FIG. 2:).

On the other hand, since the rotor R is magnetized in such a direction as shown in the drawing, attracting and repelling forces act between the stator winding SW, and the rotor R so that the latter is rotated clockwise. With the rotation of the rotor R, the distributor DB is also rotated so that the rotary segment R8 is moved from a position corresponding to the approach switch MA to a position to operate the switch MA, Although the thyristor S, is in the conducting state at a point b, (see FIG. 2]), the thyristor S, is also rendered conductive by the action of the distributor DB, thus resulting in the two thyristors being conducting. Upon reversal of the power source polarity at a phase angle of 4a, the gate control device GC provides an ignition pulse P, at an output terminal 0,, whereby the thyristor S, is rendered conductive so that a current flows in such a direction as W, S=- SW, DCL W,', When the polarity of the power source voltage is reversed, the gate control device GC produces an ignition pulse P, at an output terminal 6,, whereby the thyristor S.is rendered conductive so that a current flows through a circuit W Si SW,- DCL- W, to energize the stator winding SW, in the same direction as here above. Consequently, the rotor R is made to produce a rotational force by a magnetic field produced by the stator winding SW1 so that the rotor is enabled to continue the clockwise rotation. With further rotation of the rotor R, the rotary segment R5 of the distributor D8 is displaced to a to actuate the approach switch MA Thus, for the polarity as shown in the drawing, the thyristor S, is rendered conductive, and for the reverse polarity, the thyristor & is turned on, so that the stator winding SW, is energized, in the same manner as described above.

As already mentioned above, the respective thyristors are turned off upon reversal of the power source polarity after the ignition pulses provided by the gate control device GC have become extinct.

Thus, the distributor DB controls the gate control device GC through the rotation of the rotor R to sequentially energize the stator windings SW,, SW,, SW,, SW, in the order indicated so that there is produced in the stator S a kind of revolving magnetic field which becomes faster with increase of the rotationalfre'quency of the rotor. The time intervals at which the thyristors S, to S. are fired by means of the distributor DB and gate control device GC, become shorter with an increase of the rotational frequency of the rotor R, thus resulting in a further increae of the rotational frequency of the rotor R. On the other hand, a counter elecrromotive force is produced in the stator windings SW, to SW, by linkage of the magnetic flux produced by the rotor, so that the rotational frequency of the rotor settles down at a point of time when the counter electrornotive force and input voltage are brought substantially in equilibrium with each other, as is the case with the control of a DC motor.

flGS. Za-Zh are views useful for explaining the operation of the arrangement shown in FIG. I, wherein the output voltagee,acroasthesecondarywindingofthemaintransformer Tr is shown at FIG. 2a, with polarity shown in FIG. I being positive. Ignition pulses applied to the respective thyristors by the gate control device GC are shown at FIG. 2b, FIGS. 2c and FIG. 2d respectively, the currents flowing through the stator windings SW,, SW, and SW, are indicated at FIG. 2:, FIG. 2f and FIG. 2g respectively, and a current i, flowing through the primary winding of the main transformer is shown at FIG. 2h. In order to simplify the illustration, it is assumed that the smoothing reactor DCL has an infinite impedance, and that a DC current without any ripple flows through the secondary winding.

Furthermore, a counter electrornotive force occurring in each of the stator windings SW, to SW, is neglected on the assumption that the rotational frequency of the rotor R is low. However, it is quite apparent that if the rotational frequency is increased, such a three-phase AC current as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 31' is caused to flow through the stator windinp SW, to SW, by the fact that these windings link the magnetic flux produced by the rotor R. Assume now that the rotor R is rotated clockwise as viewed in the drawing to the position shown in FIG. 1 (d, in FIG. 3e). 'Ihen, the approach switch MA, is operated by the rotary segment RS of the dis tributor DB so that ignition pulse P, is imparted to the thyristor S, as shown in FIG. 3b. As will be apparent also from the description of FIGS. Za-Zh the thyristor S5 is rendered conductive during the period 0 to d. as shown in FIG. 23 so that a current flows through a circuit 5 SW-,- DCL W,' S When the thristor St is turned on. due to the difference between counter electromotive forces e and e, (see FIG. 31') occurring in the stator windings SW; and SW1. or e,e.,, a commutation current is caused to flow through a closed circuit S,+SW=- SW=* S S. so that the thyristor S is forced to effect commutation by a resulting counter electromotive force. The period d, -d during which the commutation is effected is referred to as commutation period.

Subsequently, the power source voltage is reversed at a phaseangleofnsoastobeoftheoppositepolaritytothat shown in FIG. 1. Thereupon, an ignition pulse P, is imparted from the gate control device GC to the thyristor 5,. The thyristor S, cannot be rendered nonconductive concurrently with the polarity reversal, but a predetermined period d,d is required therefor. During the time, the power source is shortcircuited by the two thyristors so that zero-section occurs in the output voltage e', of the thyristors as shown in FIG. 3]. Since the commutation is effected at every half-cycle of the power source, the output voltage of the thyristor group becomes as shown in FIG. 3f.

WhentherotarysegmentRSisturnedtothepositionto operate the approach switch MA, by the further rotation of the rotor R an ignition pulse P, is imparted from the gate control device GC to the thyristor S, (see point e, in FIG. 3b).

During the period 317%,, the thyristor S, is turned on so that a current flows through a closed circuit S=- SW3" DC L- Sb Upon conduction of the thyristor 5,, a commutation current is caused to flow through a circuit S4 SW, SW, S, S4 by the voltage difference between counter electrornotive forces e and e, produced in the stator windings SW, and SW,, or e,- e (see FIG. 3r). Thus, the thyristor S is forced to effect commutation.

Upon reversal of the power source polarity, the thyristor S, is turned off. The point of time when the thyristor S, is rendered conductive is as described above.

By further rotation of the rotor R the approach switch MA, is operated so that the thyristors S, and S, are repeatedly turned on and off.

As described above, with the rotation of the rotor R, the distributor DB controls the ignition of the thyristor group T in the following order of Sr'Sr Sr Sr S5- S S,. The commutationsfromS,toS,,fromS,toS,,andfromS,toS,areeffected through the reversal of the power source polarity. 0n the other hand, the commutation from one phase to another phseorfromthethyristorsS S,,S,,S.,S;andS.toS,,S,,S,, 8,, S,, S, is effected by the counter electrornotive fortxs 2,, e, and e, occurring the stator windings S\V,, SW, and SW, of the stator.

Since the smoothing reactor DCL is inserted in the neutral line L,, such a three-phase current as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 3r always occurs at each of the terminals U, V, \V of the stator, and the difference between the output voltage of the thyristor group TG and the counter electrornotive forces is absorbed by the smoothing reactor DCL. Thus, the voltage acrossthesmoothingreactorDCLturnsouttobeasshownin FIG. 31:. The zero-voltage period during which the power source polarity is reversed corresponds to the commutation period during which the thyristor is turned off. (Refer to the description concerning the period d -d, in FIG. 3:).

FIGS. Za-Zh and 3a3k illustrate the starting and highspeed operations wherein it is assumed that the frequency of the counter electrornotive forces -6- is lower than the frequency of the power source. If, however, the speed of rotation of the rotor becomes higher than the synchronous speed, then the frequency of the counter electromotive forces e... e,., e, becomes higher than the frequency of the power source, as shown in FIGS. 40 and 4:. In FIGS. 40-41:, the power source frequency is shown as being lower than that in FIGS. 2a-2J| and 3a-3k and the frequency of the counter electrornotive forces as being equal to that in FIGS. 2 and 3, for the convenience of illustration.

Asume now that the rotor R is located at the position shown in FIG. 1 at a phase angle d,. Then, the thyristor S, is rendered conductive, as described above. During the period 0- g,, the thyristor S, is in the conducting state. However, a commutation current is caused to flow by the difl'erence e,- e, between the V-phase and W-phase counter electromotive forces upon conduction of the thyristor 5,, so that the thyristor commutation is effected in the following order S S,+S 8,. When the power source polarity is reversed, commutation is effected between S, and 5,. between S; and 5.. and between S5 and 5,.

Due to the action of the smoothing reactor DCL inserted at the neutral point, the tenninal voltages of the rotary machine become three-phase AC voltages substantially equal to the counter electrornotive forces. The differences between the output voltages of the thyristor group and the counter electrornotive forces are absorbed by the smoothing reactor DCL, so that the burden voltage of the smoothing reactor becomes as shown in FIG. 3k.

As will be seen from what has been described above, the rotation of the rotary machine is controlled with respect to the starting point, low speed, high speed and ultra-high speed, and at the stator terminals U, V, W thereof there occurs a threephase AC voltage of which the frequency increases with an increase of the rotational frequency of the rotor.

It is also possible that the speed control of the rotary machine may be achieved by controlling the output voltage of the main transformer, phxe of the thyristor group, current flowing through the field winding, or position of the distributor.

In order to drive an electric vehicle from the stationary state to the ultra-high-speed state by the use of the aforementioned electric vehicle driving and controlling apparatus, the switch CS is first opened to disconnect the linear motor LM. Subsequently, the power source is turned on so that the rotary machine is operated in accordance with the aforementioned operational principle. The speed of the rotary machine SM is gradually increased, and sufficient acceleration cannot be effected when a speed of about 200 kmjh. is reached.

FIG. 5 is a graph useful for explaining this, wherein the vehiclespeedisindicatedonthehorizontalaxisandpowerper shaft on the vertical axis. Curve A shows the required power for the case of a flat ground surface. Power which can be transmitted by an adhesion drive system is shown at C. From this, it will be seen that the power required for acceleration cannotbeproducedwhenthespeedisincreaseduptoabout 250 kmJh.

In accordance with the present invention, therefore, the switch CS is turned on for acceleration up to the ultra-high speed. As mentioned above, three-phase AC voltages e,,, e, ande, such as shown by the broken lines in FIG. 3i and FIG. 44' are obtained at the terminals U, V and W of the synchronous motor type rotary machine SM, respectively. Thus, upon the closure of the switch CS, a three-phme AC current is supplied to the linear motor, with a result that a moving magnetic field is produced in the iron core IC with the aid of the windings LM, to LM, Consequently, nonadhesion acceleration torque occursbetweenthelinearmotorLMandtherailRL,whereby the vehicle is accelerated, a is well known in the art.

That is, at the ultra-high speed, power of such a magnitude as shown at C in FIG. 5 is provided by the synchronous motor type rotary machine serving as adhesion type drive system, and the remainder shown by the oblique lines is produced by the linear motor serving as nonadhesion-type drive system.

S, is turned off, a described above in connection with FIGS. Conveniently, the linear motor is enabled to produce attrac- Sit-31m.

The approach switch MA, '5 operated by the rotation ofthe rotor R but the power source polarity is not changed. At this time, therefore, the thyristor S, is rendered conductive. Thus, commutation from the thyristor S, to S, is effected in accordance with a principle similar to that of the commutation from the thyristorS, to S, (see apoint h, in FIG. 4f).

WhenaphaeanglelyisreachedJhepolarityofthepower source is reversed so that commutation from the thyristor S, to S is effected. Further, when the approach switch MA, is operated, commutation from the thyristor S, to S is eflected.

That is, for a period during which the power source polarity is positive, commutation is effected in the following order S, S S S, by the counter electrornotive forces, while for tive force irrespective of the fact that the coefficient of friction isdecreased in the ultra-high-speed range, since the linear motor serves as nonadhesion-type drive system.

The speed in the ultra-high-speed range depends upon the driving torque produced by the linear motor, and the driving torque depends upon the frequency of a supplied three-phase AC current. That is, by controlling the rotational frequency of the rotary machine by the aforementioned means even at the ultra-high speed, the frequency of a three-phase AC voltage occurring at the stator can be continuously changed so that the speed control can be effected with respect to the vehicle.

By further increaq'ng the field current for the rotary machine SM during the uItra-high-speed operation, the rotary machine SM is enabled to produce a leading current so as to a periodduring which the power source polarity is negative, serve as a synchronous condenser. Thus, the overall load efficiency can be remarkably increased even if a lagging current flows through the linear motor LM.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention, which is similar to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1. except that no center tap is provided on the secondary winding of the main transformer Tr, the neutral line is eliminated, and the number of thyristors is made twice as great as that in FIG. 1. On the rotor side, there are shown a rotor winding RW, resistor R: and exciting DC power source DC. Although this type of electric motor is also well known like that shown in FIG. 1, the operation thereof will be briefly described.

A torque is continuously imparted to the rotor so that the latter begins to be rotated thereby, as described above in connection with HG. 1.

By the rotation of the rotor, the distributor is also rotated, and at this time, the thyristors 5,, and 8,, are rendered conductive for the polarity m shown in the drawing. For the reverse polarity, the thyristors 8,, and 5, are rendered conductive. Thus, the respective thyristors are succesively turned on and off so that the rotor is accelerated. In this cae, too, there are obtained at the temrinals U, V and \V three-phase AC voltages each frequency of which corresponds to the rotational frequency of the rotor, and during the ultra-high-speed operation, the voltages are imparted to the linear motor LM to thereby enable the latter to act as nonadhesion-type drive system.

Although in both FIG. 1 and FIG. 6, the rotary machine is controlled by imparting single-phase AC power to the thyristor group, it is also possible that a DC power source may be applied to the thyristor group. ln this case, the commutation with respect to each thyristor is effected only by counter electromotive force, and therefore other forced commutation means should be additionally provided at the starting point when no counter electrornotive force is produced.

Although in the foregoing, description has been made of the case where the present invention is applied to acceleration, it can equally be applied in an attempt to effect braking such as regenerative braking with respect to the driving apparatus. To this end, the field polarity of the rotor is reversed, and the podtion of the distributor DB is changed.

We claim:

1. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus, comprising in combination:

means for driving said vehicle at speeds lower than a predetermined speed including an adhesive drive system which contains a synchronous motor type rotary machine having a stator and a rotor, one of which has polyphase armature windings wound thereon while the other of which has field windings wound thereon.

a control switching circuit having an input side and an output side coupled on said input side thereof to an external vehicle power source and on the output side thereof to said armature windings,

said controlled switching circuit being controlled according to the relative position ofsaid stator and said rotor, so a to convert an input voltage into a polyphase AC voltage, and

a drive wheel driven by said rotary machine;

means for driving said vehicle at speeds higher than said predetermined speed, including said adhesive drive system and a nonadhesive drive system, said nonadhesive drive system including a linear motor connected in parallel to said armature windings of said adhesive drive system, whereby said vehicle is driven only by said adhesive drive system at speeds lower than said predetermined speeds and is driven by said both adhesive and said nonadhesive 70 drive systems at speeds higher than said predetermined speed.

2. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus according to claim l, wherein said adhesive drive system further includes means for supplying single-phase AC power to said controlled switching circuit.

3. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus according to claim l. wherein said adhesive drive system further includes a distributor, having a rotary segment thereon, connected with said rotor for rotation therewith and for supplying drive power to said drive wheel.

4. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said adhesive drive system further includes a gate control circuit connected to said distributor for generating control signals to be delivered to said controlled switching circuit in response to the position of the rotary segment of said distributor.

5. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said controlled switching circuit comprises a plurality of controlled thyristors, the respective input and output electrodes of which comprise the input and output sides of said switching circuit and whose control electrodes are connectcd to the outputs of said gate control circuit.

6. The method of operating an electric vehicle having a controlling apparatus which comprises: i

an adhesive drive system including a synchronous type rotary machine having a stator and a rotor, one of which has polyphase armature windings wound thereon, while the other of which has field windings wound thereon, and a distributor connected to said rotor;

a controlled switching circuit having an input side and an output side coupled on said input side thereof to an external vehicle power source and on the output side thereof to said armature windings, said controlled switching circuit being controlled according to the relative position of said stator and said rotor, so as to convert an input voltage into a polyphase AC voltage; and

a drive wheel driven by said distributor and said rotary machine; and

a nonadhesive drive system having a linear motor connectable in parallel to said armature windings of said adhesive drive system, said method of operating said controlling apparatus, so as to control the speed of said vehicle comprising the steps of supplying power only to said adhesive drive system at speeds below a predetermined speed and supplying power to both said adhesive drive system and said nonadhesive drive system at speeds above said predetermined speed, whereby said vehicle will be accelerated by the linear motor of said nonadhesive system at high speeds above said predetermined speed to thereby propel said vehicle at ultra-high speeds.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein during ultrahigh speeds, said step of controlling said adhesive drive system includes the step of operating said synchronous motor type to tary machine as a phase-advancer, so as to increase its field to thereby cause a leading current to flow in the armature winding, whereby the leading current flow will compensate the lag in current flow caused by the operation of the linear motor.

8. A method according to claim 6, wherein said step of supplying power to said adhesive drive system includes the step ofreversing the field polarity of said synchronous motor type rotary machine; and

changing the position of the distributor in said synchronous motor type rotary machine. 

1. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus, comprising in combination: means for driving said vehicle at speeds lower than a predetermined speed including an adhesive drive system which contains a synchronous motor type rotary machine having a stator and a rotor, one of which has polyphase armature windings wound thereon while the other of which has field windings wound thereon, a control switching circuit having an input side and an output side coupled on said input side thereof to an external vehicle power source and on the output side thereof to said armature windings, said controlled switching circuit being controlled according to the relative position of said stator and said rotor, so as to convert an input voltage into a polyphase AC voltage, and a drive wheel driven by said rotary machine; means for driving said vehicle at speeds higher than said predeTermined speed, including said adhesive drive system and a nonadhesive drive system, said nonadhesive drive system including a linear motor connected in parallel to said armature windings of said adhesive drive system, whereby said vehicle is driven only by said adhesive drive system at speeds lower than said predetermined speeds and is driven by said both adhesive and said nonadhesive drive systems at speeds higher than said predetermined speed.
 2. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said adhesive drive system further includes means for supplying single-phase AC power to said controlled switching circuit.
 3. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said adhesive drive system further includes a distributor, having a rotary segment thereon, connected with said rotor for rotation therewith and for supplying drive power to said drive wheel.
 4. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said adhesive drive system further includes a gate control circuit connected to said distributor for generating control signals to be delivered to said controlled switching circuit in response to the position of the rotary segment of said distributor.
 5. An electric vehicle controlling apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said controlled switching circuit comprises a plurality of controlled thyristors, the respective input and output electrodes of which comprise the input and output sides of said switching circuit and whose control electrodes are connected to the outputs of said gate control circuit.
 6. The method of operating an electric vehicle having a controlling apparatus which comprises: an adhesive drive system including a synchronous type rotary machine having a stator and a rotor, one of which has polyphase armature windings wound thereon, while the other of which has field windings wound thereon, and a distributor connected to said rotor; a controlled switching circuit having an input side and an output side coupled on said input side thereof to an external vehicle power source and on the output side thereof to said armature windings, said controlled switching circuit being controlled according to the relative position of said stator and said rotor, so as to convert an input voltage into a polyphase AC voltage; and a drive wheel driven by said distributor and said rotary machine; and a nonadhesive drive system having a linear motor connectable in parallel to said armature windings of said adhesive drive system, said method of operating said controlling apparatus, so as to control the speed of said vehicle comprising the steps of: supplying power only to said adhesive drive system at speeds below a predetermined speed and supplying power to both said adhesive drive system and said nonadhesive drive system at speeds above said predetermined speed, whereby said vehicle will be accelerated by the linear motor of said nonadhesive system at high speeds above said predetermined speed to thereby propel said vehicle at ultra-high speeds.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein during ultra-high speeds, said step of controlling said adhesive drive system includes the step of operating said synchronous motor type rotary machine as a phase-advancer, so as to increase its field to thereby cause a leading current to flow in the armature windings, whereby the leading current flow will compensate the lag in current flow caused by the operation of the linear motor.
 8. A method according to claim 6, wherein said step of supplying power to said adhesive drive system includes the step of: reversing the field polarity of said synchronous motor type rotary machine; and changing the position of the distributor in said synchronous motor type rotary machine. 